Let's improve the conversion of the sun's light energy into fuels and electric power! There is a possibility of tweaking the photosynthetic reactions to produce fuels we want such as hydrogen, alcohols or even hydrocarbons, as the photosynthetic reactions produce, and create this reactions in a plant environment:
Mimic the photosynthetic reactions in artificial systems.
Mimic the photosynthetic reactions in artificial photosynthetic systems built with human-made components.
There is the potential to develop dedicated systems, whether based on cyanobacteria, plants, or artificial components, capable of much higher efficiencies, reaching 10% efficiency of solar energy conversion. This would enable enough energy and fuel to be produced for a large part of the planet's needs without causing significant loss of space for food production.
The current generation of biofuel producing crops generally convert less than 1% of the solar energy they receive to biomass, which means they would displace too much agricultural land used for food production to be viable on a large scale.
Mr. Paul Mooney suggests:
To mimic the photosynthetic reactions in artificial photosynthetic systems, the following should be accomplished first:
1) Finding the appropriate compromise between the complexity of the biological system and a simplified structure of an artificial photosynthetic system, taking into account the crucial elements of the active site.
2) To sample parameter space in an economical way to find the most rapid convergence to desired systems and to overcome the time scale limitations in the simulations.
3) Improve the accuracy and efficiency in computing excited-state potential energy surfaces.
4) Develop new computational strategies, specifically, grid-based computing methods for they provide seamless and scalable access to wide-area distributed resources and they are particularly suitable in the implementation of evolutionary algorithms.
5) Develop a rational compound design technique which would allow to avoid screening of the high-dimensional chemical space spanned by all the possible combination's and configurations of electrons and nuclei and to perform a gradual optimization of the chemical structure of a compound using grand-canonical density functional methods.
6) Develop an adaptive technique which would let us study large systems: a part of the system (e.g. next to the electrodes) can be treated quantum mechanically, the nearest layer atomistically, and the bulk of the system has a coarse-grained description.
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Mr Michael Malagiero, in fact, proposes a new track for us. His suggestion follows:
Anaerobic photosynthetic bacteria have the capacity to produce significant amounts of H2 by using sunlight. This H2 can be produced either by hydrogenising or nitrogenising. The bacteria use reductant derived either from solar powered reactions or the oxidation of organic compounds to drive H2 production. By using sunlight and waste organic materials - for example sewage, agricultural or animal wastes - as electron donors to support the growth of bacteria and their subsequent generation of H2, these procedures will not only produce solar-powered H2 but have the added environmental benefit of treating and removing waste products in a carbon neutral process.....(Please see more under Enzymes) Michael Malagiero, Oct 31
Finding the appropriate compromise between the complexity of the biological system and a simplified structure of an artificial photosynthetic system, taking into account the crucial elements of the active site....(Please see more under Artificial Systems) Paul Mooney, Oct 26
To engineer from scratch a self-reproducing biological solar energy converter with maximized efficiency, a combination of systems-biology- and synthetic-biology approaches will be required... Takeo Miki, Oct 26
Thanks to
Ethanol-bio-fuel.com Andrea Toth, Oct 14th